Tallinn Toompea Hill ...

Tallinn Toompea Hill

The first signs of human settlement found in Tallinn's city center archeologists are about 5000 years. ago. 1050 m. on Tallinn Toompea Hill built the first fortress. 

Since the thirteenth century. Tallinn became an important port in the Nordic-Russian trade on the road, he was the Teutonic Order and the Danish kingdom of the target. Crusades, the Estonian residents were forcibly baptized Catholics.Danes northern Estonia has established itself in 1219 m., when the Danish king Valdemar II Lindanisės army occupied the fort and built his fort.

1285 m. Tallinn became the northernmost Hanseatic merchants union  member. In 1346. Danes city along with your other holdings sold in Estonia in the north Teutonic Order . In the Middle Ages Tallinn was a thriving city with a population of 8,000 inhabitants, was surrounded by walls and had 66 defensive towers.

Germany, the beginning of the Reformation, Tallinn became the Lutheran city.  1561 m. the city began to operate in Sweden. 

Northern War during the 1710 m. Tallinn won the Russian Empire, but the local self-government institutions remained. Magistrate Reval was abolished in 1889. The nineteenth century. industrialization and development of the port city retained significance. The nineteenth century. intensified in recent decades and Russification efforts.

1918 m. February 24 d. Tallinn, Estonia declared independence declaration, but later the city was occupied by the German Empire, and was the Estonian War of Independence with Russia. Only 1920 m. February 2 d. Tartu Peace Treaty was signed in Estonia Russia was recognized as an independent republic. Tallinn became the capital. During World War II in 1940. Estonia took the Soviets, and 1941-1944. - Nazis. Nazis withdrew in 1944. The Soviet Union occupied Estonia again.

 

     During its history, a city that was attacked, devastated and destroyed. Although experienced large Soviet bomabardavimus the end of WWII, most of the old town survived. In 1997. Tallinn Old Town (including Toompea) became a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site.